Infrared detectors—powered by long wave infrared technology, uncooled infrared detectors, and microbolometer sensors—are transforming night vision and all-weather sensing for autonomous vehicles. By addressing the limitations of traditional optical sensors, thermal imaging modules enhance the safety and reliability of AVs, particularly in low-visibility conditions where collisions are most likely to occur.
At the heart of modern AV infrared solutions are uncooled infrared detectors, which have replaced bulkier, more expensive cooled detectors for automotive applications. Here’s a breakdown of the critical components:
1.Microbolometers
The core of uncooled infrared detectors, microbolometers are tiny thermal sensors that absorb IR radiation and change resistance in proportion to the heat detected. Unlike cooled detectors (which require cryogenic cooling to operate), microbolometers work at room temperature, offering compact size, low power consumption, and cost-effectiveness—essential for mass-produced vehicles. Advances in microbolometer design, such as higher pixel density (now up to 1280x1024 resolution) and reduced noise, have drastically improved image clarity and detection accuracy.
2.Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) Sensors
LWIR (wavelength range: 8–14 μm) is the optimal spectrum for automotive applications. It balances penetration through atmospheric particles (e.g., fog, dust) with the ability to distinguish fine thermal details. Compared to mid-wave infrared (MWIR) sensors, LWIR systems are more affordable and require less power, making them ideal for integration into AV sensor suites.
3.Thermal Imaging Modules
These integrated systems combine microbolometer-based uncooled infrared detectors with optics, signal processing units, and software algorithms. Modern modules are designed to be compact (fitting within standard AV sensor housings) and compatible with vehicle data buses (e.g., CAN FD), enabling seamless integration with the AV’s central computing platform. Advanced modules also include AI-powered image processing to classify objects (e.g., pedestrians, vehicles, animals) and predict their movement—critical for real-time decision-making.
As technology advances and costs decrease, infrared detectors will become a standard component in AV sensor suites, paving the way for safer, more capable autonomous driving systems worldwide. For automotive manufacturers and tech firms, investing in infrared sensing is not just a competitive advantage—it’s a critical step toward achieving the ultimate goal of zero collisions on the road.
